A new study highlights the benefits and limitations of using ChatGPT for learning languages, emphasizing the importance of critical engagement and structured guidance from educators to maximize its potential.
A recent study from Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) in Barcelona, conducted by the Research Group on Language Learning and Teaching (GR@EL) of the UPF Department of Translation and Language Sciences, explores the use of ChatGPT among Chinese students learning Spanish. The research highlights the platform’s potential to assist with specific language queries, while also cautioning about the lack of critical engagement and structured learning approaches.
The study, led by researcher Shanshan Huang under the supervision of GR@EL coordinator Daniel Cassany, is the first qualitative analysis of how Chinese students utilize ChatGPT for learning Spanish.
Published in the Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning, the research examined interactions between 10 Chinese students and ChatGPT over a week.
Benefits of ChatGPT
The results reveal that ChatGPT is particularly effective in addressing queries related to vocabulary, writing and reading comprehension.
Students found it helpful for quick, on-demand answers without having to switch between various resources. This convenience streamlines the learning process, making it easier to obtain much-needed information promptly.
For example, students can inquire about spelling or vocabulary through a single platform, rather than consulting multiple sources like digital dictionaries and spell checkers. This adaptability to individual student profiles and needs enhances the overall learning experience.
Critical Use and Structured Learning
Despite its benefits, the study highlights a significant concern: most students do not engage critically with ChatGPT.
Of the 370 interactions analyzed, 89.45% involved only a single question and answer, with no follow-up queries to seek further clarity or detail. This suggests a passive approach to learning, where students accept the initial response without deeper exploration.
This lack of critical engagement can hinder the development of a thorough understanding of the language, the researchers note. They argue for the importance of foreign language teachers guiding students to foster a more reflective and analytical learning approach.
Cultural and Technological Factors
The study also notes that the majority of queries (almost 90%) are about vocabulary, reading comprehension and writing.
In contrast, questions regarding grammatical concepts and oral communication are less frequent (just one in 10 queries).
This pattern could stem from the Chinese educational model’s focus on reading and writing over speaking and technological limitations of the ChatGPT version used in the study, which is better at handling written text.
The researchers suggest that future studies should investigate whether newer versions of ChatGPT can better support oral communication skills, particularly in iterations beyond GPT-3.5.
Towards a New Educational Model
In light of their findings, the researchers advocate for a new model of the student-AI-teacher relationship. They stress the need for teaching students how to organize their learning with AI tools like ChatGPT most effectively, emphasizing critical thinking and self-directed learning.
Foreign language teachers can play a fundamental role in guiding students to use ChatGPT with a critical vision, the study notes. It recommends that educators help students develop effective prompts and encourage deeper dialogue with the AI to fully leverage its capabilities.
The ultimate goal, according to the study, is to build a collaborative model where AI tools complement traditional teaching methods, enhancing and enriching the learning process.
Source: Universitat Pompeu Fabra