{"id":33602,"date":"2019-07-12T10:52:27","date_gmt":"2019-07-12T14:52:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/?p=33602"},"modified":"2021-05-20T21:09:23","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T01:09:23","slug":"could-black-philanthropy-help-solve-the-black-student-debt-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/could-black-philanthropy-help-solve-the-black-student-debt-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Could Black Philanthropy Help Solve the Black Student Debt Crisis?"},"content":{"rendered":"

When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to pay off the student loans<\/a> of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead.<\/p>\n

\u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his commencement speech<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But is there even enough black private wealth in the United States to pay off all black student loan debt?<\/p>\n

As a scholar in social transformation and African American studies<\/a>, I\u2019m intrigued by this question. It provides an opportunity to examine black wealth, higher education and the possibilities for alleviating debt, which in turn opens the door to new economic opportunities.<\/p>\n

Black celebrities give to higher education<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Smith\u2019s gift is estimated to be worth US$40 million and will benefit 396 students<\/a>.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s a lot of money, and he\u2019s done it before. Before his gift to Morehouse, Smith donated $50 million to Cornell University<\/a>, his alma mater, in part to support African American and female students at Cornell University\u2019s College of Engineering.<\/p>\n

Other black celebrities have also stepped up to fund education. Powerhouse couple Beyonce and Jay Z<\/a> gave more than $1 million in scholarships to students who lived in cities they were touring in 2018.<\/p>\n

Rapper Nicki Minaj<\/a> gave 37 \u201cStudent of the Game\u201d scholarships. LeBron James<\/a>, through his foundation, promised to pay for 2,300 students to attend the University of Akron \u2013 at an estimated price tag of $100 million. Oprah Winfrey<\/a> has donated more than $400 million to educational causes.<\/p>\n

But with just five black billionaires in the United States<\/a> \u2013 Smith, Winfrey, David Steward<\/a>, Michael Jordan<\/a> and Jay-Z<\/a> \u2013 monumental gifts like the one that Smith made will likely be few and far between.<\/p>\n

Is Smith\u2019s claim that \u201cwe are enough to take care of our own community\u201d true of all the black wealth in the U.S.?<\/p>\n

Philanthropy among African Americans<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A strong heritage of black philanthropy<\/a> dates back to mutual aid societies<\/a> of the 1700s and 1800s in which free blacks sought to help fellow blacks facing hardships or distress and, in later years, in need of education and job training.<\/p>\n

Black charitable giving also arose from the black church<\/a> and fraternal organizations<\/a> throughout the 1800s and 1900s with movements such as abolitionism, the Black Women\u2019s Club Movement<\/a> and the civil rights movement.<\/p>\n

Mary Church Terrell, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, described how charitable organizations had \u201ca keen sense of the responsibility\u201d to secure economic and educational resources, \u201clifting as we climb\u201d up the ladder of social mobility. This ethic of giving was also present among the early black economic elite such as Thomy Lafon<\/a>, Madame C.J. Walker<\/a> and James Forten<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Black giving remains strong<\/a> to this day. Despite racial wealth gaps<\/a>, black families contribute larger portions of their wealth<\/a> than any other racial and ethnic group. The W.K. Kellogg Foundation reports that two-thirds of all black households<\/a> donate to charitable causes. This giving amounts to about $11 billion annually, most of which goes to religious organizations.<\/p>\n

But how much of it goes to higher education? African Americans across the socioeconomic spectrum report<\/a> donating 17% to education \u2013 both K-12 and post-secondary institutions and scholarship funds. That adds up to about $1.8 billion donated annually.<\/p>\n

Counting black millionaires<\/strong><\/h2>\n

The percentage of black households worth over $1 million<\/a> has remained at or below 2% since 1992, or about 877,000 based on 2018 population estimates<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Among black high net worth households \u2013 those with a net worth of more than $1 million (not counting the value of their primary home) or with an annual household income of $200,000 \u2013 49%<\/a> report giving to higher education. This is significant since across all racial groups, the share of dollars<\/a> donated by high net worth individuals to higher education was only 4%.<\/p>\n

Black student loan debt<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Student loan debt in the U.S. reached an all-time high in 2019, making it the second-highest consumer debt<\/a> category behind mortgage debt. Over 44 million borrowers owe roughly $1.5 trillion in student loan debt.<\/p>\n

Looking at 2016 data, 86.4% of blacks<\/a> completing a bachelor\u2019s degree<\/a> had some form of student loan debt, and the average amount borrowed<\/a> was $34,010. If we multiply the total number of blacks that graduated with some form of debt \u2013 roughly 168,000 \u2013 by the average amount borrowed per individual, the average cumulative debt for this one graduating class was roughly $5.7 billion. This includes graduates from all colleges \u2013 public as well as private \u2013 but not community colleges.<\/p>\n

Of course, looking at it at the most basic level, the collective wealth<\/a> among America\u2019s black billionaires \u2013 which totals $13.4 billion with the recent addition of Jay-Z<\/a> \u2013 can easily subsidize the debt of a single graduating class.<\/p>\n

And while a more sophisticated calculation is undoubtedly warranted, a rough estimate shows that the $5.7 billion in black student debt could be covered by America\u2019s black millionaire households if each one chose to devote $6,500 toward eliminating the overall debt.<\/p>\n

Of course, the debt load for black students goes far beyond one graduating class. The majority of blacks in the labor force that hold a bachelor\u2019s degree or higher<\/a> have some form of student loan debt. This means that the figures for the entire black population with outstanding student loan debt across generations are significantly higher than $5.7 billion.<\/p>\n

Robert Smith\u2019s gift to the class of 2019 at Morehouse provoked an interesting discussion about whether black philanthropy can alleviate black student loan debt. However, one-off philanthropic efforts that help a small group of beneficiaries can\u2019t compete with the kind of large-scale change needed to alter the course of an entire community.\"The<\/p>\n

Author:<\/strong> Mako Fitts Ward<\/a>, Clinical Assistant Professor, African and African American Studies & Women and Gender Studies, School of Social Transformation, Arizona State University<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to pay off the student loans of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead. \u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his commencement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"featured_media":33604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[661,258,259,260,247,261,688,645,230,229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ace-college","category-arizona-state-university-downtown-phoenix","category-arizona-state-university-polytechnic","category-arizona-state-university-skysong","category-arizona-state-university-tempe","category-arizona-state-university-west","category-discourse-ace-college","category-discourse","category-news","category-lead-stories"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png",830,533,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy-224x144.png",224,144,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy-300x193.png",300,193,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png",830,533,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png",830,533,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png",830,533,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png",830,533,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Mako Fitts Ward","author_link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/author\/mako-fitts-ward\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"When billionaire Robert E. Smith decided to pay off the student loans of the graduating class of 2019 at Morehouse College, he suggested that others follow his lead. \u201cLet\u2019s make sure every class has the same opportunity going forward, because we are enough to take care of our own community,\u201d Smith declared in his commencement…","featured_media_src_url":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Black-Philanthropy.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/152"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33602\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}