{"id":26999,"date":"2018-10-04T14:08:45","date_gmt":"2018-10-04T18:08:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/?p=26999"},"modified":"2022-03-16T10:15:46","modified_gmt":"2022-03-16T14:15:46","slug":"women-killin-it-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/women-killin-it-artificial-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Women Killin\u2019 It in AI"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From autonomous vehicles to emergency response robots, machine-learning artificial intelligence is quickly entering our daily lives.<\/p>\n<p>AI is developing at impressive rates, and continues to aid in the improvement of medicine, engineering, robotics and entertainment.<\/p>\n<p>Each day scientists around the world are developing innovative new technology &#8212; ranging in diversity from flexible robots to algorithms that can detect animal behavior &#8212; and women are often at the forefront of such work.<\/p>\n<p>In this article, we highlight 11 women who are \u201ckillin\u2019 it\u201d in AI.<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Dina Katabi<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Andrew &amp; Erna Viterbi Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT <\/i><\/p>\n<p>In a groundbreaking new project, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.csail.mit.edu\/person\/dina-katabi\">Dina Katabi <\/a>and a team of researchers at MIT have developed a computerized system, dubbed \u201cRF-Pose,\u201d that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/mit-artificial-intelligence-see-people-through-walls\/\">uses AI to see people through walls<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>RF-Pose works by using a neural network to analyze radio frequencies that reverberate off people\u2019s bodies. Since AI learns by example, the researchers taught the machine to associate particular radio signals with specific human actions.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers collected thousands of images of people in activities like walking, talking, standing, sitting, and opening doors and elevators, and used the images to create stick figures posing in the same manner.<\/p>\n<p>They then paired these stick figure poses with corresponding radio signals and showed them to the AI. This allowed the system to detect people\u2019s postures and movement in real time, even from behind walls or in the dark.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_26982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26982\" style=\"width: 848px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26982\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/Mingmin-RF-Pose-MIT-CSAIL-00.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"848\" height=\"426\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-26982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image: Jason Dorfman\/MIT CSAIL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Katabi believes the technology can be used for medical purposes, allowing doctors to observe disease progression in Parkinson\u2019s, multiple sclerosis and muscular dystrophy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEstimating the human pose is an important task in computer vision with applications in surveillance, activity recognition, gaming, etc.,\u201d Katabi told TUN.<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b> Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering &amp; Materials Science, Yale University <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Imagine a flexible robot that could be reprogrammed to perform countless tasks. Better yet, a device that could be used to transform any old useless, inanimate object \u2014 your favorite stuffed animal, for example \u2014 into a fully functional robot.<\/p>\n<p>Though it may sound like science fiction, <a href=\"https:\/\/seas.yale.edu\/faculty-research\/faculty-directory\/rebecca-kramer-bottiglio\">Rebecca Kramer-Bottiglio<\/a> and a group of Yale University researchers are making this a reality.<\/p>\n<p>The research team has developed a programmable elastic material called \u201cOmniSkins\u201d that can be used to make a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/new-robotic-skin-can-bring-everyday-objects-to-life\/\">multipurpose robot on the fly<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These \u201crobotic skins\u201d are composed of elastic sheets embedded with sensors and actuators. They come in different shapes and sizes, and are modular, which means that they can be combined and arranged in various ways to fit different objects and perform different functions.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"\u201cRobotics Skins\u201d turn everyday objects into robots\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uuAY5Y_INYQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Instead of being designed to perform a specific task, they are designed with versatility in mind. The idea is for the user to reprogram them to perform whatever task is required at the time, like a robotic Swiss army knife.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can take skins and wrap them around one object to perform a task \u2014 locomotion, for example \u2014 and then take them off and put them on a different object to perform a different task, such as grasping and moving an object,\u201d Kramer-Bottiglio said in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe can then take those same skins off that object and put them on a shirt to make an active wearable device.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Monica Emelko <\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Professor of Civil &amp; Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Canada <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Every year, due to many factors like the rising temperature and overuse of agricultural fertilizers, water sources around the country are increasingly being covered in musty green thick layers of toxic algae, threatening families and wildlife.<\/p>\n<p>But with the help of <a href=\"https:\/\/uwaterloo.ca\/civil-environmental-engineering\/profile\/mbemelko\">Monica Emelko<\/a> and a team of researchers at the University of Waterloo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/how-ai-protect-water\/\">AI can help guard our water from toxins<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s critical to have running water, even if we have to boil it, for basic hygiene,\u201d Emelko said in a statement. \u201cIf you don\u2019t have running water, people start to get sick.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The researchers developed an AI system that uses software in combination with a microscope to inexpensively and automatically analyze water samples for algae cells in about one to two hours, including confirmation of results by a human analyst.<\/p>\n<p>Instead of the current method that can only analyze a small area looking at just a couple of microorganisms at a time, this system identifies and counts millions of microorganisms from larger water sample volumes in a matter of seconds, using a standard microscope.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe ability to do all this automatically in a matter of seconds can enable water facilities to perform screenings directly on-site in a frequent and rapid manner to keep water safe,\u201d co-author <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eng.uwaterloo.ca\/~a28wong\/\">Alexander Wong<\/a> told TUN.<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Sabrina Hoppe<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Doctorate Student, University of Stuttgart, Germany<\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&amp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Stephanie A. Morey<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Doctorate Student, <\/i><i>Flinders University, Australia<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/511465\/overview\">Sabrina Hoppe<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/loop.frontiersin.org\/people\/498085\/overview\">Stephanie A. Morey<\/a>, working alongside researchers at the University of South Australia, helped to create a machine-learning algorithm that can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/ai-predict-personality-traits-human-eyes\/\">predict human personality traits by tracking eye movement<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The AI technology can analyze a person\u2019s eye movements and recognize four of the five big personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness.<\/p>\n<p>To test the algorithm, the researchers recruited 42 participants and fitted them with a 60 Hz head-mounted video-based eye tracker that recorded gaze data and high resolution video while they performed daily tasks around a college campus.<\/p>\n<p>Then, the researchers compared the gaze data with personality traits by giving the participants three established self-reporting questionnaires, and found that people\u2019s eye movements can reveal whether they are social, conscientious, or curious.<\/p>\n<p>The software opens up the possibility of one day developing robots that are in tune with human signals and socialization.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHuman-machine interactions are currently unnatural. The ATM, computer, phone don\u2019t adapt to our mood or the current situational context,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/people.unisa.edu.au\/Tobias.Loetscher?_ga=2.263844425.413540231.1533573341-1429998722.1533573341\">Tobias Loetscher<\/a>, a senior lecturer in the School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy at the University of South Australia, told TUN.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt doesn\u2019t matter whether I\u2019m happy, angry, confused, ironic, irritated \u2013 the computer is not empathic and not adapting to my situation. If we manage to provide computers with the ability to sense and understand human social signals, the interactions will become more natural and pleasant.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Shuting Han <\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Graduate Student, Columbia University <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Animal behavior has been the subject of scientific research since the days of Aristotle, but until now, studies in this field have been restricted to hours of scrupulous observation and note-taking.<\/p>\n<p>But with the help of <a href=\"https:\/\/biology.columbia.edu\/people\/han\">Shuting Han<\/a> and her team at Columbia University, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/columbia-algorithm-animal-behavior\/\">AI can now be used to study animal behavior<\/a> both quickly and effectively.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers have developed an innovative algorithm that can successfully analyze hours of video of <a href=\"http:\/\/lifeinfreshwater.net\/hydra\/\">Hydra<\/a>, a miniscule freshwater invertebrate, and understand its full range of behaviors.<\/p>\n<p>By filtering out spam information, the algorithm is capable of detecting tendencies in the animal\u2019s behavior.<\/p>\n<p>Working as a \u201cbag-of-words\u201d algorithm, a popular kind of algorithm often used in filtering email spam, the algorithm learns to classify different visual patterns \u2014 shapes and motions \u2014 in videos of Hydra and pick out repetitive movements.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Hydra Behavior Analysis\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/265203469?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"347\" height=\"347\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>In doing so, the technology identifies the different behavioral patterns of the animal.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAlthough we used our approach to construct the complete behavior map of Hydra, our method also provides a general framework for behavior recognition of deformable animals, and is potentially applicable to all animal species,\u201d Han told TUN.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn fact, combined with the complete neural activity map of an animal, our study opens the possibility of decoding the neural code for all behaviors in an animal, and could enable potential breakthroughs in neuroscience, evolutionary biology, artificial intelligence and machine learning.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Joni Holmes<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Head of the Centre for Attention Learning and Memory (CALM), Medical Research Council\u2019s Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, UK<\/i><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk\/people\/joni.holmes\/\">Joni Holmes<\/a>, alongside fellow researchers at the University of Cambridge, <a href=\"https:\/\/mrc.ukri.org\/news\/browse\/ai-develops-better-predictions-of-why-children-struggle-at-school\/\">used AI to identify clusters of learning difficulties<\/a> in children.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers used data from hundreds of academically struggling children who have been previously diagnosed with learning disorders &#8212; such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and dyslexia &#8212; and found that many of the reported learning difficulties did not match a general diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>They discovered this by supplying a computer algorithm with cognitive testing data from 550 children, which included measures of listening skills, spatial reasoning, problem-solving, vocabulary and memory.<\/p>\n<p>After analyzing the data, the algorithm suggested that the children best fit into four clusters of difficulties, which aligned with other educational data and parental reports, but not with previous diagnosis.<\/p>\n<p>By including children with all difficulties regardless of diagnosis, the algorithm can better capture the range of difficulties within, and which overlap between the diagnostic categories.<\/p>\n<p>This allows researchers to understand that a general diagnosis is not the same for every student. For example, one student with ADHD may be experiencing learning in an entirely different way than another student with ADHD.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Our work suggests that children who are finding the same subjects difficult could be struggling for very different reasons, which has important implications for selecting appropriate interventions,&#8221; Holmes said in a statement.<\/p>\n<h2>[divider]<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Miyuki Hino, Elinor Benami &amp; Nina Brooks<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Graduate Students, <\/i><i>Emmett Interdisciplinary Program on Environment and Resources, Stanford University <\/i><\/p>\n<p>Government environmental regulators are often overworked and underfunded, causing massive environmental hazards to go undetected each year.<\/p>\n<p>Seeing this as a huge problem, Stanford University graduate students <a href=\"https:\/\/profiles.stanford.edu\/miyuki-hino\">Miyuki Hino<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pangea.stanford.edu\/people\/elinor-benami\">Elinor Benami<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pangea.stanford.edu\/people\/nina-brooks\">Nina Brooks<\/a> turned to machine-learning technology for help.<\/p>\n<p>Led by Hino, the student team focused on The Clean Water Act and <a href=\"https:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/2018\/10\/01\/machine-learning-aids-environmental-monitoring\/\">trained computers to automatically detect patterns<\/a> in data using information from past water facility inspections.<\/p>\n<p>They deployed a series of models to predict the likelihood of failing an inspection based on facility characteristics, such as location, industry and inspection history. The computers then generated a risk score for each facility, indicating how likely it was to fail an inspection.<\/p>\n<p>This allows environmental regulators to prioritize and predict hazardous violations.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Especially in an era of decreasing budgets, identifying cost-effective ways to protect public health and the environment is critical,&#8221; Benami said in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>Hino noted that machine learning has its drawbacks.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAlgorithms are imperfect, they can perpetuate bias at times and they can be gamed,\u201d she said in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>But, the team suggested remedies for these limitations and methods to integrate machine learning into enforcement efforts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis model is a starting point that could be augmented with greater detail on the costs and benefits of different inspections, violations and enforcement responses,&#8221; Brooks said in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Narges Razavian<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><i>Assistant Professor in the Departments of Radiology and Population Health, NYU School of Medicine<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Identifying lung cancer types can be difficult for even experienced pathologists, but with the help of <a href=\"https:\/\/med.nyu.edu\/faculty\/narges-razavian\">Narges Razavian<\/a> and a machine-learning program, accuracies within the field can be improved.<\/p>\n<p>Razavian and her research team <a href=\"https:\/\/nyulangone.org\/press-releases\/artificial-intelligence-tool-accurately-identifies-cancer-type-genetic-changes-in-each-patients-lung-tumor\">developed an AI program<\/a> that can distinguish with 97 percent accuracy between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma &#8212; two of the more difficult cancer types to identify without confirmatory tests.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_27005\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27005\" style=\"width: 830px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-27005\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/ai-analyization-of-cancerous-tissue.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"830\" height=\"467\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27005\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image: NYU School of Medicine<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The program can also determine whether abnormal versions of six genes linked to lung cancer &#8212; including EGFR, KRAS and TP53 &#8212; are present in cells, with an accuracy that ranges between 73 and 86 percent, depending on the gene type.<\/p>\n<p>Such genetic mutations are often attributed with causing abnormal growth, or providing visual clues for automated analysis. Unfortunately, current genetics tests used to confirm the presence of mutations can take weeks to return.<\/p>\n<p>With this new AI approach, doctors can instantly determine cancer subtype and mutational status in order to get patients started on therapy sooner.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;In our study, we were excited to improve on pathologist-level accuracies, and to show that AI can discover previously unknown patterns in the visible features of cancer cells and the tissues around them,\u201d Razavian said in a statement.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The synergy between data and computational power is creating unprecedented opportunities to improve both the practice and the science of medicine.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>[divider]<\/p>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Though AI developments may often feel like science-fiction, in reality, such incredible breakthroughs are happening at unprecedented, and often unimaginable, rates.<\/p>\n<p>AI is aiding our world in nearly every field of science, and each of these women has contributed significant work to our increasingly technological world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From autonomous vehicles to emergency response robots, machine-learning artificial intelligence is quickly entering our daily lives. AI is developing at impressive rates, and continues to aid in the improvement of medicine, engineering, robotics and entertainment. Each day scientists around the world are developing innovative new technology &#8212; ranging in diversity from flexible robots to algorithms [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":26983,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[626,320,232,376,382,632,444,230,229,579],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artificial-intelligence","category-columbia-university-in-the-city-of-new-york","category-technology","category-massachusetts-institute-of-technology","category-new-york-university","category-robotics","category-stanford-university","category-news","category-lead-stories","category-yale-university"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg",830,533,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence-224x144.jpg",224,144,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence-300x193.jpg",300,193,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg",830,533,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg",830,533,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg",830,533,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg",830,533,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Natalie Colarossi","author_link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/author\/natalie-colarossi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"From autonomous vehicles to emergency response robots, machine-learning artificial intelligence is quickly entering our daily lives. AI is developing at impressive rates, and continues to aid in the improvement of medicine, engineering, robotics and entertainment. Each day scientists around the world are developing innovative new technology &#8212; ranging in diversity from flexible robots to algorithms&hellip;","featured_media_src_url":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/artificial-intelligence.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26999\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26999"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}