{"id":24473,"date":"2018-06-12T10:26:17","date_gmt":"2018-06-12T14:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/?p=24473"},"modified":"2022-03-16T10:59:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-16T14:59:00","slug":"ingestible-sensor-detect-stomach-bleeding-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/ingestible-sensor-detect-stomach-bleeding-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Ingestible Sensor Can Detect Stomach Bleeding, Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MIT researchers have developed an <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2018\/ingestible-bacteria-on-a-chip-help-diagnose-disease-0524\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ingestible sensor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that can detect stomach bleeding or other gastrointestinal problems, and relay the information to a nearby smartphone. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Working in the field of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ebrc.org\/what-is-synbio\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">synthetic biology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the researchers infused an electronic sensor with genetically modified bacteria that can emit light in response to blood and convey the information via wireless transmission. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This device, they believe, could provide an alternative to invasive or unnecessary procedures that are currently used to detect stomach bleeding or other gastrointestinal disorders. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study appeared in the online edition of the journal <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/360\/6391\/915.full\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Science<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Engineering bacteria-on-a-chip<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the past decade, researchers have successfully engineered bacteria to respond to stimuli such as environmental pollutants or markers of disease. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Through this process of genetic engineering, bacteria can be designed to produce various signals, such as emitting light, when a target stimulus is detected. However, in most cases, specialized lab equipment is required to measure these responses. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, MIT researchers have developed a way to make the process more useful for real-world applications, by combining the bacteria with an electronic chip.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"The ingestible bacterial-electronic sensor\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Jg2aD4mc-bw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><b>The study <\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In their initial study, the researchers focused on bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To do this, they genetically engineered a probiotic strain of E. coli that can emit light in response to a component of blood called Heme. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBy modifying a bacterium\u2019s DNA, we can program it to perform new function, such as producing light in response to a target stimulus. In this case, we found genes from different strains of bacteria that could perform the necessary functions: import the analyte into the cell, alter gene expression in response to the analyte, and encode enzymes that can produce light,\u201d said <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mark-mimee-b8773494\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mark Mimee<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a student in MIT\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/microbiology\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Microbiology Graduate Ph.D. Program<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and co-lead author of the study. \u201cBy combining these genetic elements and tuning their expression levels, we made a strain that can sense blood in the gastrointestinal tract.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To build the sensor, the researchers placed the bacteria in four wells and covered it with a semipermeable membrane that allows small molecules from the environment to diffuse through. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under each well is a phototransistor that can measure the amount of light emitted from the bacterial cells, and then relay the information to a microprocessor that sends a wireless signal to a nearby computer or smartphone. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers also built an Android app that can be used to analyze the data. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOur idea was to package bacterial cells inside a device,\u201d <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/pnadeau.scripts.mit.edu\/www\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phillip Nadeau<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, former MIT postdoctoral associate <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and co-lead author of the study<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, said in a statement. \u201cThe cells would be trapped and go along for the ride as the device passes through the stomach.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The findings <\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So far, the sensor has been successful in determining whether any blood is present in the stomach of pigs. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhat we have shown is that we can take this technology off the lab bench and perform sensing inside the body itself, with wireless readout to a phone,\u201d said Nadeau. \u201cThis bring us one step closer to clinical translation by showing that living cell-based sensors can be packaged as an ingestible capsule and perform sensing inside the stomach.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers believe this type of sensor could be used either for one-time use or designed to stay in the digestive tract for several days or weeks, sending continuous signals. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, the researchers have adapted sensors for two other molecules, which have not yet been tested on animals. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of these sensors detects a sulfur-containing ion called thiosulfate, which could be used to monitor inflammatory conditions, including Crohn\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The other detects a bacterial signaling molecule called AHL, which can serve as a marker for gastrointestinal infections. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The researchers believe the sensors could be designed to treat a variety of conditions. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cMost of the work we\u2019ve done has focused on sensing blood in the pig gastric cavity. However, we think that expanding the range of biosensors to other gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, infection or cancer can propel its future clinical utility,\u201d said Mimee<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>The next step \u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sensor is about 1.5 inches long, and requires around 13 microwatts of power. It\u2019s equipped with a 2.7 volt battery, which is estimated to power the device for around 1.5 months of continuous use. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For human applications, however, the researchers need to decrease its size to minimize complications. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe safety of the device is really about the size of the capsule and the safety of the packaging materials used to insulate the electronics,\u201d said Nadeau. \u201cSimilar to what other manufacturers of \u2018Smart Pills\u2019 containing electronics have done, we expect to confirm that our capsule will be safe for ingestion in humans.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though the study is still in preliminary stages, the researchers are confident of its future applications. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAt the moment, we\u2019re still in the prototype stage. With a couple more years of development by broadening the range of available biosensors and reducing the size of the capsule, we would be excited to start safety trials in humans,\u201d said Mimee. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ultimately, the researchers believe that the sensors will be a safe alternative to current procedures. For instance, a patient suspected of stomach bleeding would not have to undergo an endoscopy, a procedure which often requires sedation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe goal with this sensor is that you would be able to circumvent an unnecessary procedure by just ingesting the capsule, and within a relatively short period of time you would know whether or not there was a bleeding event,\u201d Mimee said in a statement.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MIT researchers have developed an ingestible sensor that can detect stomach bleeding or other gastrointestinal problems, and relay the information to a nearby smartphone. Working in the field of synthetic biology, the researchers infused an electronic sensor with genetically modified bacteria that can emit light in response to blood and convey the information via wireless [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":58,"featured_media":24467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,376,230,229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-breakthrough","category-massachusetts-institute-of-technology","category-news","category-lead-stories"],"aioseo_notices":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg",830,533,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit-224x144.jpg",224,144,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit-300x193.jpg",300,193,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg",830,533,false],"large":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg",830,533,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg",830,533,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg",830,533,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Natalie Colarossi","author_link":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/author\/natalie-colarossi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"MIT researchers have developed an ingestible sensor that can detect stomach bleeding or other gastrointestinal problems, and relay the information to a nearby smartphone. Working in the field of synthetic biology, the researchers infused an electronic sensor with genetically modified bacteria that can emit light in response to blood and convey the information via wireless&hellip;","featured_media_src_url":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/ingestible-sensor-mit.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/58"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24473"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24473\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tun.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}